Search and Detection Equipment: Essential Tools for Identifying and Assessing Threats
Introduction
Search and detection equipment sits at the heart of safe explosive ordnance disposal. Before any render‑safe procedure, before any neutralisation tool is deployed, operators must first find the threat, understand it, and assess the surrounding environment. This phase has always been labour‑intensive and risk‑sensitive, and the tools used for it have evolved significantly over the past century.
Historical Context: From Manual Search to Modern Sensors
Early Methods
In the early twentieth century, search operations were almost entirely manual. Operators relied on visual inspection, probing rods, and basic listening devices like the medical stethoscope. Specialist sniffer dogs were trained to locate and alert their handlers to explosive materials.
During clearance operations after WWI and WWII, simple tools were used to locate millions of unexploded shells and bombs across conflict zones.
Manual probing and visual search remained the primary methods for decades, particularly in humanitarian demining, with some electronic detection devices starting to appear, such as the Mine Detector Mark I , invented by Polish Lieutenant Józef Kosacki. Before its invention in 1940/41, it was not uncommon for demining operators to poke bayonets or sticks into the ground to ascertain the presence of devices.
The image to the right shows this device being operated in North Africa in August, 1942.
Cold War to Late 20th Century
As threats diversified, so did detection technologies. Metal detectors became standard for mine clearance for metal cased devices, but as time went on and plastics became more commonly used, there was a return to manual prodding before more complex detection apparatus were developed.
The drive to make detection safer led to the creation of early electronic stethoscopes and fibre‑optic scopes, which allowed operators to inspect confined spaces without disturbing a device.
Specialist search kits emerged for military and police use, combining hand tools, mirrors, and illumination equipment.
Due to their lightweight bodies, and intelligence, detection rats are now very commonly used in mine detection.
The image to the right shows advanced stage training of a HERO RAT in Tanzania.
21st Century Developments
Modern search and detection equipment now incorporates many more product options, including:
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NLJDs (non-linear junction detectors)
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audio tools
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mirrors
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endoscopes and video
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chemical identification
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explosives trace detection
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magnetometry
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UAV‑mounted sensors
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ground‑penetrating systems
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specialist X‑ray tools
Together, these technologies enable safer, more efficient, and more informed decision‑making across military EOD, humanitarian demining, law enforcement, and security screening operations.
The image to the right shows a Thai police officer using an NLJD to examine and unexploded IED.
[By Diplomatic Security Service from Washington, D.C., United States of America]
How Modern Search & Detection Equipment Supports EOD and UXO Work
Search and detection equipment fulfils three critical operational functions:
Locating the Threat
Whether dealing with historical UXO or contemporary IEDs, the first challenge is identifying the presence and position of a device. Tools such as under‑vehicle mirrors provide low‑signature, low‑disturbance method for initial search.
Characterising the Threat
Once located, operators must understand what they are dealing with. NLJDs, audio detectors, and visual aids help determine whether a device contains live electronics, if mechanical components are active, and can indicate how the internal layout is arranged.
Enabling Safe Access
Tools such as video inspection kits allow operators to access or observe a device without disturbing sensitive components.
Richmond Defence Systems’ Search and Detection Product Suite
Below is a structured overview of the RDS product range, grouped by operational function. Each item is linked to its product page for deeper technical detail.
Ground Search and Mine Clearance Tools
Considered a little old-fashioned in some circles, the mine probe is a lightweight, durable tool designed for controlled ground penetration during mine and UXO search.
A complete set of tools for humanitarian and military demining operations, including probes, shears, marking systems, and protective accessories. Designed for reliability in harsh field conditions.
Tactical Search Kits
A modular kit for high‑risk search operations, combining illumination, mirrors, hand tools, and access equipment. Suitable for urban search, vehicle search, and confined‑space operations.
Electronic Detection Systems (NLJD and Audio)
A compact NLJD for detecting electronic components in concealed devices. Ideal for rapid search in buildings, vehicles, and baggage.
A wireless, high‑mobility NLJD offering enhanced range and operator freedom. Supports covert and overt search tasks.
An IR‑enhanced NLJD providing improved performance in cluttered or complex electromagnetic environments.
Used to detect mechanical activity within suspect devices, such as clockwork mechanisms or relay clicks. Supports threat characterisation and risk assessment.
A sensitive acoustic tool for diagnosing internal mechanical behaviour without disturbing the device.
Visual Inspection Tools
A robust, illuminated mirror system for rapid under‑vehicle inspection in security and EOD contexts.
Flexible endoscope for confined‑space search and internal device inspection.
High‑resolution remote visual inspection system for cavities, voids, and obstructed spaces.
Access and Diagnostic Tools
This equipment is designed for creating boreholes to place search sensors, such as magnetometer probes (e.g., Ferex 4.021, Vallon VX1) or for the placement of disruption charges. This system prioritises portability, stability in difficult terrain, and the ability to operate in confined spaces.
How Richmond Defence Systems Supports Modern Search and Detection Operations
Richmond Defence Systems provides a comprehensive suite of search and detection tools designed to support the full spectrum of EOD and security operations.
Our equipment is engineered for:
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Low‑signature operation
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High-durability in harsh environments
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Operator safety and ergonomic handling
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Compatibility with wider EOD workflows
This ensures that whether operators are conducting humanitarian demining, urban search, vehicle screening, or technical threat assessment, they have reliable, field‑proven tools at every stage of the search process.
For operators requiring render‑safe or neutralisation tools, our disruptors and de‑armers provide the next stage in the EOD workflow.
Responsible use
All equipment described in this overview is intended for trained and authorised personnel working within national policy and organisational procedures. This page is conceptual and does not describe internal mechanisms or operational methods.
Procurement Advice
If your organisation requires guidance on selecting the right search, detection, and removal equipment, our team can provide support. Please contact us to discuss your project or tender.
